Your Guide to Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico, a vibrant Caribbean island with a unique blend of Spanish, African, and indigenous Taíno influences, offers a cultural experience unlike any other. As a U.S. territory, it straddles two worlds: the modern amenities of the United States and the rich traditions of Latin American culture. If you’re planning a trip to Puerto Rico, taking time to understand its customs and heritage will enhance your visit and help you appreciate the island beyond its beautiful beaches and lush rainforests.
To help you navigate Puerto Rican culture like a local, here are 5 cultural facts you should know before visiting this enchanting island.
1. Puerto Rico Is a U.S. Territory, but Spanish Is the Main Language
One of the first things that surprises many visitors is Puerto Rico’s bilingual culture. While English and Spanish are both official languages, Spanish is by far the most widely spoken. Most Puerto Ricans speak Spanish in their everyday lives, and although English is commonly spoken in tourist areas, it’s helpful to know a few basic Spanish phrases before you go.
Locals will appreciate your effort to speak the language, even if it’s just a friendly “Hola” (hello) or “Gracias” (thank you). And don’t worry—if you’re staying in major cities like San Juan or Ponce, you’ll have no trouble finding English speakers. But as you venture into more rural parts of the island, you might encounter fewer people who speak fluent English.
Pro Tip: Download a translation app or carry a small phrasebook for those moments when communication gets tricky, especially if you plan to explore beyond the popular tourist spots.
2. Puerto Ricans Have a Passion for Music and Dance
Music and dance are at the heart of Puerto Rican culture, and it won’t take long for you to notice this infectious rhythm pulsing through the streets. The island’s musical traditions are rooted in a rich mix of Spanish, African, and indigenous influences, creating iconic genres like salsa, reggaeton, bomba, and plena.
- Salsa: Perhaps the most famous export, salsa music, with its fast-paced rhythms and intricate footwork, originated from Puerto Rican musicians in New York. In Puerto Rico, salsa is not just music; it’s a way of life. Head to a local bar or nightclub, and you’ll likely find people of all ages dancing to salsa.
- Reggaeton: Puerto Rico is also the birthplace of reggaeton, a genre that blends reggae, hip-hop, and Latin beats. Global artists like Daddy Yankee and Bad Bunny have propelled reggaeton into the international spotlight.
- Bomba and Plena: These traditional Afro-Puerto Rican music styles involve heavy drumming, call-and-response singing, and energetic dancing. If you visit the island during a festival or local celebration, you’ll likely hear these rhythms echoing through the streets.
Don’t be shy—jump into the fun! Puerto Ricans love to dance, and they’ll gladly welcome you to the dance floor. If you want to immerse yourself in the local music scene, consider taking a salsa class, or visit La Placita in San Juan for a night of dancing and live music.
3. Puerto Rico Takes Pride in Its Culinary Heritage
Puerto Rican cuisine, or “cocina criolla,” is a flavorful mix of Spanish, African, and Taíno influences. When you visit the island, you’ll quickly realize that food is an integral part of the culture. Sharing a meal with friends and family is a cherished tradition, and the island’s diverse flavors are sure to leave a lasting impression.
Here are a few must-try Puerto Rican dishes:
- Mofongo: A staple of Puerto Rican cuisine, mofongo is made from fried green plantains mashed with garlic, pork cracklings, and olive oil. It’s typically served with a rich broth and your choice of meat, seafood, or vegetables.
- Lechón: This roasted whole pig is a popular dish during holidays and special occasions. The crispy skin and tender meat are a true taste of Puerto Rican tradition.
- Tostones: These twice-fried green plantain slices are crunchy on the outside and soft on the inside. They’re often served as a side dish or appetizer.
- Arroz con gandules: This is Puerto Rico’s national dish, a savory mix of rice, pigeon peas, and pork, cooked with herbs and spices like sofrito (a blend of onions, garlic, peppers, and cilantro).
If you visit during one of Puerto Rico’s many food festivals, like the Saborea Puerto Rico Food Festival in San Juan, you’ll have a chance to taste a wide variety of local dishes and treats. Remember to indulge in some coquito (a coconut-based holiday drink similar to eggnog) if you’re visiting during Christmas time.
4. Puerto Rican Festivals Are a Big Deal
Puerto Ricans love to celebrate, and their festivals reflect the island’s lively spirit and deep-rooted traditions. If you’re lucky enough to visit during a local fiesta or celebration, you’ll get a firsthand look at Puerto Rican culture in full swing.
Some of the biggest festivals you should keep in mind include:
- Fiestas de la Calle San Sebastián: This annual festival in Old San Juan, held in January, marks the end of the Christmas season and features parades, live music, and artisan stalls. It’s one of the most popular and festive events on the island, drawing thousands of locals and visitors.
- Festival de la Piña Paradisíaca: Held in La Parguera, this festival celebrates the pineapple harvest with food stalls, pineapple-based drinks, and live music.
- Festival Nacional del Café: Coffee lovers rejoice! This festival in Yauco is a tribute to Puerto Rico’s coffee-growing tradition, with tastings, coffee workshops, and cultural performances.
One unique aspect of Puerto Rican culture is the long Christmas season. Known as the longest Christmas in the world, celebrations often start in mid-November and last until mid-January, with parrandas (musical celebrations), family feasts, and community gatherings.
Pro Tip: Try to align your visit with a local festival or cultural event. It’s one of the best ways to experience the island’s joyful, vibrant spirit.
5. Respect for Heritage and Family Values
Family is the cornerstone of Puerto Rican society, and you’ll notice this strong bond in everyday life. Puerto Ricans often gather with extended family members for meals, celebrations, and religious events. Don’t be surprised if you see multi-generational families together at restaurants or public places—this sense of community and closeness is deeply ingrained in the culture.
Puerto Rico’s cultural pride also extends to its rich history. While visiting, take time to learn about the island’s heritage, which includes influences from the indigenous Taíno people, African slaves, and Spanish colonizers. El Yunque National Forest, the only tropical rainforest in the U.S. National Forest System, was once home to the Taíno people, and you can still see their ancient petroglyphs carved into rocks.
In Old San Juan, stroll the cobblestone streets and visit historical landmarks like Castillo San Felipe del Morro and Castillo de San Cristóbal, which stand as testaments to Puerto Rico’s colonial past. Learning about Puerto Rico’s history will give you a deeper understanding of the island’s resilience, pride, and cultural identity.
Puerto Rico is a destination that’s rich in history, culture, and traditions. Understanding a few key aspects of the island’s way of life before you go will not only make your trip more enjoyable, but it will also help you connect with the locals and appreciate the unique blend of influences that make Puerto Rico so special. From learning some basic Spanish to embracing the island’s love for music, dance, and food, your time in Puerto Rico will be unforgettable if you immerse yourself in its vibrant culture.